PEG-3 2,2'-DI-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

Name / description

PEG-3 2,2'-Di-p-phenylenediamine

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Function(s) of this ingredient in cosmetic products

HAIR DYEING

Colours the hair

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Origin

synthetic

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Occurrence in cosmetics

Face toners, aftershaves and hair tonics, as solvent and solubiliser for active ingredients, perfume oils and colourants, humectants, basis for creams, as consistency enhancer, binding agent, softening agent and fixative Oxidation hair colourant (permanent hair dyes)

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Background information on use in cosmetics

Cosmetic hair dyes are subdivided according to different operating principles. There are temporary dyes (tints), semi-permanent dyes (semi-permanent hair colours) and permanent dyes (oxidation dyes or bleaches). Temporary dyes are characterised by the use of direct dyes (eg cationic dyes such as Basic Red 56 or Acid Blue 62). There is no chemical reaction with other components; the dyes adhere to the hair surface and last for one to two hair washes. For temporary hair dyes, azo, triphenylmethane or anthraquinone dyes are used. The temporary dyes are sold as aqueous alcoholic solutions. In combination with hairspray, it is also possible to apply very small golden or silver gloss pigments or even fluorescent substances to the hair. Semi-permanent dyes (tints) also use direct dyes (eg nitro dyes such as HC Blue 2 or HC Yellow 10). The hair is coloured circularly, which ensures that it lasts for eight to 10 hair washes. Nitro dyes diffuse because of their low molecular size into the hair but are washable. Other dyes which are used include nitrophenyl diamines, azo and quinonimine dyes in combination with organic solubilizers such as glycol ether or polypropylene. In the event of permanent dyes (oxidative hair dyes), colourless precursors, also referred to as developers and couplers, are first used. The actual dyes are formed through a chemical reaction. The entire hair is dyed and the colour is not washable. Polyethylene glycols (INCI: PEG-...) are poly condensation products of ethylene glycol, or polymerisation products of ethylene oxide. The number added to the name refers to the mean number of ethylene oxide units in the substance. The consistency of the PEG derivatives is increasingly solid with a growing degree of polymerisation. PEGs with a mean molar mass of up to 600 g/mol are liquid, up to 1,000 g/mol wax-like and from 4,000 g/mol solid wax-like substances. By mixing solid and liquid components, products of a creamy consistency are obtained which are used as water-free and water rinse-off bases. With growing molar mass water solubility and hygroscopicity (ability to absorb moisture) of the polyethylene glycols decrease. Polyethylene glycols and their derivates are preferentially used in cosmetic products since they have a broad spectrum of viscosity and solubility properties and have a very good skin tolerance. As water soluble, non-greasy substances polyethylene glycols are suitable for many cosmetic purposes. The liquid PEGs serve, eg, as glycerol substitute in facial, shaving and hair lotions, as solubilisers and solvents.

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Information on safe use

Hair colourants are at present amongst the most thoroughly examined cosmetic products on the EU market. Since 2003 the European Commission has pursued a global strategy for the safety assessment of hair colourants and hair dyes in Europe. More than 100 individual hair colourants were considered as safe by the Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety (SCCS) of the EU Commission after a comprehensive assessment and are allowed for use in Annex III of the EC Cosmetics Regulation. Publication of the EU Commission on the Safety of hair dyes Claudia Fruijtier-Pölloth: Safety assessment on polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives as used in cosmetic products. In: "Toxicology" (2005), No. 214, P. 1-38. Publisher: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

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Belongs to the following substance groups

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Regulating cosmetics

Cosmetics Ingredients are subject to regulation. Please note, different regulations may apply to cosmetic ingredients outside the EU.